Research

The research behind the risk signals.

The founder's published work measures how crypto fraud operates: how pump-and-dump groups pick targets, how scams move money, why exchanges fail. Each finding below is a signal a product can score.

Three findings, three products

  1. Pump-and-dump schemes

    Pump-and-dump groups pick thinly traded tokens and announce a target to their members at a set time. Token Sentinel is designed to score those conditions on new listings.

    Token Sentinel

    • The Economics of Cryptocurrency Pump and Dump Schemes (WEIS, 2019)
    • Analyzing Target-Based Cryptocurrency Pump and Dump Schemes (ACM CCS Workshop on DeFi and Security, 2021)
  2. Crypto-enabled cybercrime

    Cybercrime that uses cryptocurrency links an off-chain lure, such as a scam website, to an on-chain destination. ScamShield and Investigate are being built around that link.

    ScamShield Investigate

    • Unicorns in the Wild West: Empirical Analysis of Cybercrime Facilitated by Cryptocurrencies (APWG eCrime, 2025)
  3. Exchange and stablecoin risk

    Exchange closures and failed crypto ventures leave customers and counterparties exposed. This line of research isn't tied to a product yet.

    Future work

    • Cryptocurrency Exchange Closure Revisited (Again) (APWG eCrime, 2022)
    • Beyond the Hype: Empirical Evaluation of Cryptocurrency Unicorn Success (HICSS, 2025)

Publications

Related work from the University of Tulsa research group

The people behind this work are on the About page.

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